For adults with type 2 diabetes, weight management strategies have shown to be related to personality traits, more precisely, the levels of negative emotional responses and conscientiousness. To effectively manage weight, taking personality into account could be key, and further study is highly recommended.
The PROSPERO record, CRD42019111002, can be accessed at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
The PROSPERO identifier CRD42019111002 is featured on the website www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Athletic competitions and the inherent stress they induce present a considerable obstacle for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Understanding the impact of anticipatory and initial competitive stress on blood glucose levels, and characterizing personality, demographic, or behavioral traits that are suggestive of its effect, is the central goal of this research. To evaluate competitive and non-competitive exercise responses, ten recreational athletes with T1D participated in both an athletic competition and a training session, the intensity of which was carefully matched. Paired exercise sessions were analyzed to evaluate the impact of anticipatory and early-race stress on the two hours before and the first thirty minutes of each exercise session. Regression analysis was used to compare the effectiveness index, the mean CGM glucose, and the ingested carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio between the corresponding sessions. A review of twelve races indicated that, in nine cases, the CGM readings during the race were higher than those recorded during the corresponding individual training session. The rate of change of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) values differed substantially (p = 0.002) during the initial 30 minutes of exercise between race and training groups. A slower decline in CGM was observed in 11 out of 12 paired race sessions, with 7 sessions showing an increase in CGM values during the race. The mean rate of change (mean ± standard deviation) was 136 ± 607 mg/dL per 5 minutes for the race sessions and −259 ± 268 mg/dL per 5 minutes for training. Diabetes duration significantly influenced the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio adjustments on race days. Individuals with longer diabetes histories tended to lower the ratio and consequently, required more insulin than training days; this was the reverse for newly diagnosed patients (r = -0.52, p = 0.005). Intradural Extramedullary Glycemic control can be disrupted by the intense stress of athletic competition. With diabetes lasting for a longer time, athletes could experience elevated glucose levels during competition prompting them to take preventive action.
Higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) within minority and lower socioeconomic populations have been shown to correspond with the disproportionate impact they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of virtual education, decreased physical activity, and an exacerbated food insecurity crisis remains unknown in the context of pediatric type 2 diabetes. Public Medical School Hospital The objective of this study was to track weight changes and glycemic control in young people with pre-existing type 2 diabetes, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.
At a leading academic pediatric diabetes center, a retrospective study assessed glycemic control, weight, and BMI in youth diagnosed with T2D prior to March 11, 2020, and under 21 years old. Comparisons were made between the year preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019-2020) and the pandemic period (March 2020-2021). Paired t-tests and linear mixed-effects models provided a means of analyzing the evolution of data during this specific time period.
A total of 63 youth with T2D, a median age of 150 years (interquartile range 14-16 years), were part of the study. The group included 59% females, 746% Black individuals, 143% Hispanic participants, and 778% receiving Medicaid insurance. A central tendency analysis indicated a median diabetes duration of 8 years, with an interquartile range spanning from 2 to 20 years. Weight and BMI did not differ significantly from the pre-COVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period (weight: 1015 kg versus 1029 kg, p=0.18; BMI: 360 kg/m² versus 361 kg/m², p=0.72). Hemoglobin A1c levels experienced a substantial elevation during the COVID-19 period, escalating from a baseline of 76% to 86%, achieving statistical significance (p=0.0002).
While hemoglobin A1c levels rose substantially in youth with T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic, no notable changes were observed in weight or BMI. This could be attributed to the glucosuria associated with accompanying hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adolescents and young adults carries a high risk of subsequent complications, and the deteriorating control of blood glucose levels in this population highlights the need for close medical supervision and comprehensive management to prevent further metabolic instability.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a notable surge in hemoglobin A1c levels was evident in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D), contrasting with the absence of significant weight or BMI changes, which could be attributed to glucosuria associated with hyperglycemia. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face a significant risk of developing diabetes-related complications, emphasizing the critical need for stringent monitoring and comprehensive disease management to avert further metabolic deterioration in this vulnerable demographic.
Data on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in the offspring of people demonstrating extraordinary longevity is surprisingly limited. We investigated the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and potential associated risk and protective factors among offspring and spouses of probands in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multicenter cohort study comprising 583 two-generation families characterized by clustering of healthy aging and exceptional longevity (mean age 60 years, range 32-88 years). Incident T2D was characterized by a fasting serum glucose level of 126 mg/dL, or an HbA1c of 6.5%, or self-reported T2D with a physician's diagnosis, or the use of anti-diabetic medication during a mean follow-up period of 7.9 to 11 years. Offspring (n=1105) and spouses (n=328), aged 45-64 years without T2D at baseline, displayed an annual incidence rate of T2D of 36 and 30 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Conversely, offspring (n=444) and spouses (n=153) aged 65+ years without T2D at baseline, exhibited an annual incidence rate of T2D of 72 and 74 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The 2018 National Health Interview Survey shows that, comparatively, the annual rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrences per 1,000 person-years was 99 among those aged 45 to 64 and 88 among those aged 65 and above within the general U.S. population. Baseline BMI, waist circumference, and fasting serum triglycerides exhibited a positive association with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the offspring, whereas fasting serum HDL-C, adiponectin, and sex hormone-binding globulin were inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in this cohort (all p-values < 0.05). Identical trends were found in the partners of the individuals (all p-values below 0.005, with sex hormone-binding globulin as the sole exception). Our study demonstrated a positive association between fasting serum interleukin 6 and insulin-like growth factor 1, and the development of T2D in spouses, but not in offspring; both correlations were statistically significant (P < 0.005). Analysis of our data reveals that descendants of individuals who live long lives, and their partners, especially those in middle age, experience a similar low incidence of type 2 diabetes when compared to the broader population. Our findings further allude to the potential contribution of varied biological risk and protective factors towards type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility in children of long-lived individuals, relative to those of their spouses. Further research is required to pinpoint the mechanisms responsible for the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in the children of exceptionally long-lived individuals, as well as in their partners.
Although cohort studies have repeatedly noted a potential correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the evidence in support of this correlation is limited and often debated. Additionally, the exacerbation of active tuberculosis risk by poor blood sugar control is well-documented. Therefore, monitoring diabetic patients in high tuberculosis-risk regions is crucial, considering the diagnostic options for latent tuberculosis. This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among patients with type-1 DM (T1D) or type-2 DM (T2D) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a region of high tuberculosis prevalence. To serve as healthy controls, non-DM volunteers residing in endemic regions were enlisted. A screening process for diabetes mellitus (DM), employing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube (QFT-GIT), was undertaken for all participants. Data pertaining to demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical status, and laboratory findings were also considered. From the 553 participants in the study, 88 (159%) had a positive QFT-GIT test. Notably, 18 (205%) were non-diabetic, 30 (341%) had type 1 diabetes, and 40 (454%) had type 2 diabetes. DNA Damage inhibitor A hierarchical multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for baseline confounders like age, self-reported non-white skin color, and a family history of active tuberculosis, demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between these characteristics and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the study group. Besides, our findings confirmed that T2D patients were capable of generating substantial elevations in interferon-gamma (IFN-) plasma levels in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens, relative to non-diabetic controls. Our collective data demonstrated an augmented prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) amongst diabetes mellitus (DM) patients; despite a lack of statistical significance, important independent factors linked to LTBI emerged. These factors must be taken into account when monitoring individuals with DM. In addition, the QFT-GIT test demonstrates its utility in screening for LTBI in this group, even within high TB incidence areas.